Computer Generations

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M.SARULATHA
Assistant Professor
Dept. of CA

Introduction:

          A computer is a computer-generated tool that processes data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

          Computers can be used to type documents, send emails, play games, and browse the Web. It can also be used to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and videos. But the emergence of this sophisticated system began in about 1940 with the first Generation of Computer and has evolved ever since.

There are five generations of computers.

The First Generation

Introduction:

1946-1959 is the first computer age.

JP.Eckert and JW Mauchy developed the first successful computer called ENIAC, ENIAC stands for "Electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator".

 Examples:

ENIAC

EDVAC

UNIVAC

IBM-701

IBM-650

Benefits:

          Use vacuum tubes which are the only electronic component available in those days. These computers can count in milliseconds.

 

 

Disadvantages:

          These were very large in size, weighing up to 30 tons. These computers were based on vacuum tubes. These computers are very expensive. It could store only small details because of the presence of magnetic drums.

          Since the invention of first-generation computers includes vacuum tubes, so some of the disadvantages of these computers, vacuum tubes require a large cooling system. Very low efficiency.Editing power is limited to punch cards used to insert input. Large amount of energy consumption. There is no need for reliable and permanent care.

The Second Generation

Introduction:

1959-1965 second generation computer era. Second-generation computers were based on Transistor instead of cleaning tubes.

Examples:

Honeywell 400

IBM 7094

CDC 1604

CDC 3600

UNIVAC 1108

… many more

Benefits:

          Due to the presence of transistors instead of vacuum tubes, the size of the electron material decreases. This has led to a reduction in computer size compared to first-generation computers.

Energy is low and does not produce as much heat as the initial discovery. Meeting language and punch cards used to enter. Cost less than first generation computers.

For better speed, count data in microseconds. Better mobility compared to the first generation

Disadvantages:

A cooling system was needed. Regular adjustments were needed. It is used for a specific purpose only.

THIRD GENERATION:

Introduction:

1965-1971 is the era of the third generation computer. These computers were supported in integrated circuits. IC was founded by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby In 1958-1959. The IC was one that contained a number of transistors.

Here are a few examples:

PDP-8

PDP-11

ICL 2900

IBM 360

IBM 370

… And much more

Benefits:

These computers were cheaper compared to second-generation computers. They were quick and reliable. The use of IC on a computer provides a small computer size. IC not only reduces the size of the computer but also improves computer performance compared to previous computers. This generation of computers has great storage capacity.

 Instead of punch cards, a mouse and keyboard are used to insert. Implement an effective resource management system and apply the concept of time sharing and multiple systems. These computers reduce the assembly time from microseconds to nanoseconds.

Disadvantages:

IC chips are hard to maintain. The most advanced technology needed to make chip chips. Air conditioning is required.

Fourth Generation

Introduction:

1971-1980 is the era of the fourth generation computer. This technology is based on Microprocessor. A microprocessor is used on a computer for any sensible and mathematical work to be done on any system. Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to provide more comfort to users.

Here are a few examples:

IBM 4341

DEC 10

1000 STARS

PUP 11

… Many more

Benefits:

Very fast shaping and size decreases as compared to the previous generation of computers. The heat generated is minimal. Thin in size compared to previous generation computers. A little adjustment is needed. All forms of advanced language can be used on this type of computer.

Disadvantages:

The design and manufacture of Microprocessor is very complex. Air conditioning is required in most cases due to the presence of ICs. Advance technology is required to perform ICs.

 

 

FIFTH GENERATION:

Introduction:

          The fifth generation period in 1980 onwards.This generation is based on artificial intelligence. The purpose of the fifth generation is to create a device that can respond to the introduction of natural language and be able to read and prepare.

          This generation relies on ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology that leads to the production of ten million microprocessor chips.

Here are a few examples:

Desktop

Laptop

NoteBook

UltraBook

Chromebook

… And much more

Benefits:

It is more reliable and works much faster. Available in different sizes and different features. Provides computers with easy-to-use interactive features with multimedia features.

Disadvantages:

They need very low quality languages. They can make the human brain dull and decay.

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